Impact of Seasonal Climate Changes in Beni Hassan Archaeological Site, El Minya, Egypt

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Archaeological site in Beni Hassan vulnerability to Seasonal climate change 
and other hazards constitutes a critical set of interactions between climate and 
environment. The research indicates that both the amount and quality of data on 
preservation status of archaeological surveys in the Beni Hassan. The objectives of 
this search are twofold: firstly; to demonstrate the importance of a long-term 
perspective on climate-environmental dynamics. Secondly; to show the relevance 
of climatologically data in impact to illustrate with a case study how one may 
identify the component processes of environmental change in archaeological areas. 
Evaluating regional impacts from possible climate change on Beni Hassan 
Archaeological Site requires a methodology to estimate extreme and short-duration 
climate statistics for the time period and the geographical analysis of interest. For 
historical conditions, Seasonal Climate Changes effects can be investigated by 
analyzing trends in long-term historical records of climate. For future conditions, 
projected changes in temperature and rainfall statistics are based on future 
scenarios in greenhouse gas emissions simulated in climate models or statistical 
extrapolation based on historical observations and field survey. The results show 
that Tombs Archaeological in Beni Hassan has been subjected to marked 
physiographic modification. This modification has been induced by Seasonal 
Climate Changes and variability. In addition, negative human impacts. The study 
recommends external protection of tombs, to reduce sand accumulation and 
rainwater harvesting, to address gaps, and to use colors for restoration in 
accordance with the design of tombs.
 

Keywords


1. Abdel-Aziz A. (1982): Climatic characteristics of the heat in Egypt during the 
twentieth century, Ph.D. thesis, unpublished, Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams
University.
2. Abdel-Qader, A. (1992): Spatial and temporal variation of temperature in 
Egypt, the Egyptian geographical society, 24. 
3. Arnold, D. (2003): Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Princeton 
University Press, ISBN 0-691-11488-9.
4. Baines, J. and Malek, J. (2000): Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt. Revised 
Edition ed. Oxford shire, England: Andromeda Oxford Limited.
5. Ball, J., (1939): Contribution to the geography of Egypt. Survey & mines 
department, Government press, Cairo, 84.
6. Benito, G. (2008): Palaeo flood and floodplain records from Spain: Evidence 
for long-term climate variability and environmental changes, Elsevier B.V., 
Geomorphology 101: 68–77.
7. Eissa, M. M. and F. M. ELashmawy (2009): Characteristic of severe Dust 
Storms over Egypt, Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo.
8. Eppelbaum L. V. (2009): Archaeological geophysics in arid environments: 
Examples from Israel, Elsevier Ltd, Journal of Arid Environments 74: 849–860.
9. Garstang, J. (1907): The Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt. London, England: 
Archibald Constable & Co Ltd.
10.Lioubimtseva, G. M. (2009): Climate and environmental change in arid Central 
Asia: Impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations, Elsevier Ltd, Journal of Arid 
Environments 73: 963–977.
11.Martın, B. G. (2005): “Weather, Climate and Tourism” A Geographical 
Perspective, Elsevier Ltd, Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (3): 571–591.
12.Meteorological Authority (1979): Climatologically Normal for A.R.E., Up to 
1975, Cairo.
13.Monthly Weather Report (many years): Metrological Department- Cairo.
14.Newberry, P. E. (1893): Beni Hasan. (1), London, England: Kegan Paul, 
Trench, Tubner & Co., Ltd.
15.Robins, G. (1997): The Art of Ancient Egypt. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP.
16.Smith, S. E. (1986): An assessment of structural deterioration of ancient 
Egyptian monuments and tombs in Thebes. Journal of Field Archaeology 13: 
503-510.
17.Subyani A, Qari MH, Matsah ME, Al-Modayan AA, Al-Ahmadi F.S., (2009): 
Utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques to evaluate and reduce 
hydrological and environmental hazards in some wades, western Saudi Arabia. 
Riyadh: King Abdul-Aziz City for Sciences and Technology, Project APR 
25/101.
18.Trudy Ring; M. Robert and Salkin, Sharon La Boda (1996): International 
Dictionary of Historic Places. London: Taylor & Francis, 123. ISBN 978-1-
884964-03-9.
19.Tucker ME, & Paul WV., (1990): Carbonate sedimentology. Blackwell 
Scientific, Oxford
20.Verité, J. (1981):'Appropriate technologies' and restoration of historic 
monuments. In 'Appropriate Technologies' in the Conservation of Cultural 
Property, Paris: UNESCO, 51–68. 
21.Zielinski, A. (1989): In-situ conservation of the Temple of Amunhakht, Ayn 
Birbiyeh, Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt. Association for Preservation Technology 
Bulletin 21 (1): 49–60.